THE SILENT THREAT: GM FOOD IN MALAYSIA

Admin July 10, 2015 0 Comments

Restrictions or outright bans on the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) exist in many countries worldwide. Yet Malaysia has approved eight genetically modified (GM) maize/corn products and six GM soybean products for food, feed and processing purposes. Besides these, approvals have also been given for the field trials of GM mosquitoes, papaya, and release of GM products for use as pesticides and fertilizers.[1]  Most Malaysians are unaware of these approvals.

These approvals have been issued by the Department of Biosafety in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment under the National Biosafety Act 2007. The approved GM products for food, feed and processing have different traits, namely insect-resistance and herbicide-tolerance. However, these seemingly innocuous uses hide a multitude of risks that have not been addressed by the authorities adequately in spite of concerns and opposition raised by civil society groups including the Consumers’ Association of Penang, which have cited supporting scientific evidence. These risks include health, environmental, social, ethical and cultural concerns.

The American Academy of Environmental Medicine (AAEM), a US-based international association of physicians, called for an immediate moratorium on GM food in 2009 citing, “Genetically modified foods….pose a serious health risk. Several animal studies indicate….infertility, immune problems, accelerated aging, dysfunctional insulin regulation, and changes in major organs and the gastrointestinal system”.[2]

In October 2013, a statement[3] released by the European Network of Scientists for Social and Environmental Responsibility (ENSSER) highlighted that there was no scientific consensus on the safety of genetically modified foods and crops, calling claims that GM foods and crops were safe for humans, animals and the environment “misleading”. The statement has since been signed by more than 300 scientists and published in the journal, Environmental Sciences Europe.[4]  The statement made several conclusions:

  • There is no consensus on GM food safety. Claims that GM foods are safe for human health based on the experience of North American populations who consume large amounts of GM food daily have no scientific basis because GM foods are not labelled in North America and therefore, it is impossible to trace or study their health impacts.
  • Claims that several hundred studies have found GM food safe were found to be false and irresponsible. In fact, some of the cited studies showed evidence of toxic effects.
  • Claims that scientific and governmental bodies endorse GMO safety are exaggerated or inaccurate.
  • There is no consensus on the environmental risks of GM crops.

At the international level, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety[5] and the UN’s Codex Alimentarius acknowledge widespread recognition of the risks posed by GM foods and crops. As Party to the Cartagena Protocol, Malaysia should exercise the Precautionary Principle with respect to GMOs, which is provided for in this agreement and which is also the basis of the National Biosafety Act 2007. This means that in view of the scientific uncertainties and lack of adequate means of risk assessment and monitoring of GMOs, the government should not approve any GMOs for field-testing or release, and withdraw all existing approvals of GMOs.

What makes the situation even more imperative is that Malaysians are in all likelihood already eating GM products imported from countries growing GM crops, such as the United States. The U.S. is the world’s largest producer of GM crops like soy, corn and canola. Malaysia imports soybeans and corn from the U.S.  These end up in our food as soya and corn oil, soybean curd, soya drinks, soy sauce, corn syrup, corn starch, corn flakes, and the like. In addition, we eat the meat, milk and eggs from animals fed with GM feed.

GM Roundup Ready® (RR®) soybean made tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate (commonly called Roundup) comprises about 80% of global annual soy production. Recent studies have found high levels of glyphosate residues in RR® soybean from its exposure to the regular application of the herbicide during cultivation and that GM soybean feed can negatively affect animal growth, reproductive maturity and number of offspring even at levels well below permitted limits.[6]  In March 2015, the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified glyphosate as “probably carcinogenic to humans”[7] with “convincing evidence” of carcinogenicity in lab animals.[8]

Thousands of unsuspecting Malaysians continue to eat GMOs on a regular basis in ignorant bliss.  It is high time that Malaysians woke up and took charge of their own fate. Malaysians can step up and exercise their rights to safe food, health and a safe environment. Consumers must demand mandatory and clear labelling of all products containing genetically engineered ingredients –without any threshold and exemptions.

The Consumers’ Association of Penang (CAP) calls for an outright ban on GMOs in the country with immediate effect and prior disclosure of GMOs in any products to be imported into Malaysia.

 

Letter to the Editor, 10 July 2015

 

APPENDIX 1[9]

  1. Approved for Food, Feed and Processing

      Maize/Corn (8)

  • MON 603 Roundup Ready™ Maize (NK 603) (herbicide-tolerant)
  • MON 810 YieldGard™ Maize against Corn-Borer
  • MON 863 YieldGard® Rootworm Maize
  • SYN-Bt11-1 – YieldGard™ Maize (insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant)
  • T25 LibertyLink® maize (herbicide-tolerant)
  • TC 1507 maize (insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant)
  • MON 89034 (insect-resistant)
  • MON 88017 (insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant)

      Soybean (6)

  • MON 4032 Roundup Ready™ Soybean (herbicide-tolerant)
  • ACS-GM5-3 soybean (herbicide-tolerant)
  • A5547-127 LibertyLink® soybean (herbicide-tolerant)
  • MON 89788 RoundupReady2Yield™ soybean (herbicide-tolerant)
  • CV127 soybean (herbicide-tolerant)
  • FG72 soybean (herbicide-tolerant)
  1. Approved for Release – Product of Living Modified Organism (LMO)
  • ISP type III HPLC 12 Glacein™(ice structuring protein)
  • MOUSTICIDE™ Wettable Powder (WP) and MOUSTICIDE™ Rice Husk (RH)
  • Cut flowers of genetically modified carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)
  • Single Cell Protein (SCP), Liquid Fertilizer and Solid Fertilizers
  • TMOF_Yeast (to produce Mousticide RH & Mousticide WP) and Mousticide WP (for Release)
  1. Approved for Field Trials
    • GM papaya (Eksotika)
    • GM mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti (L.))

 

[1] Appendix 1 lists all GM products approved in Malaysia.

Source: http://www.biosafety.nre.gov.my/country_decision/app_plmo.shtml

[2] http://www.federaljack.com/page/4/?s=soy

[3] http://www.ensser.org/increasing-public-information/no-scientific-consensus-on-gmo-safety/

[4] http://www.enveurope.com/content/27/1/4/abstract

[5] Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is the only international treaty to specifically regulate GMOs, and the Codex Alimentarius Commission is a joint body of the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations which governs global food safety issues. Both call for a careful case-by-case assessment of each GMO by national authorities in order to evaluate whether the particular GMO satisfies the national criteria for safety.

[6] Marek Cuhra1, Terje Traavik, Mickaël Dando, Raul Primicerio,  Daniel Ferreira Holderbaum and Thomas Bøhn. 2015. Glyphosate-Residues in Roundup-Ready® Soybean Impair Daphnia Magna Life-Cycle.  Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 2015, 4, 24-36 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jacen http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jacen.2015.41003

[7] This is Group 2A, the IARC’s second highest category for carcinogenicity in humans.

[8] WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2015. IARC Monographs Volume 112: Evaluation of five organophosphate insecticides and herbicides. http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/iarcnews/pdf/MonographVolume112.pdf

[9] http://www.biosafety.nre.gov.my/country_decision/app_ffp.shtml