微塑料对人类健康和海洋生态系统的威胁升级

Mei Cheng 9月 23, 2024 0 Comments

微塑料持久和广泛存在于环境、日常用品和食品中，已对环境、人类和生物构成严重的健康威胁。

增产塑料即表示有更多微塑料，而威胁也升级了。

在马来西亚，微塑料对海洋生态系统所造成的污染，与丢弃个人护理产品和化妆品有关，约有1990亿的微塑料进入海域。（Sulaiman et al., 2023）

大马布特拉大学副教授莎尔娃蒙卡拉博士（Dr Sarva Mangala Praveena Appalanaidu）指出，面部磨砂膏、牙膏、液体肥皂、沐浴露和化妆品都是潜在的微塑料来源。从废水道进入水体，可累积在食物链和影响人体和海洋生物健康。

食物链中的微塑料无所不在，包括低营养级的浮游动物、毛颌动物、浮游鱼类、桡足类和樽海鞘，以及高营养级的多毛类、甲壳类、棘皮类、双壳类、鱼类、海鸟和哺乳动物，都有它的踪迹。（Cverenkárová et al., 2021）

捕鱼和养鱼业所使用的塑料将有毒物质释放到水中亦加剧污染。它进入鱼类的器官并累积，可影响健康，进而广泛破坏生态系统。

人类可通过进食摄入微塑料，特别是海鲜。一旦进入胃肠道和被吸收，会导致氧化应激、细胞毒性并有易位至其他组织的潜在可能。

唯有减少塑料生产和消费，提高公众醒觉，使用更安全的替代品，才可以减轻这个威胁，维护人类与环境健康。

 

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